Countries / Europe
Poland
Poland is building two EuroHPC AI Factories and planning its grid around a tenfold rise in data centre demand, while its AI law is still a draft.
Two AI Factories were selected: PIAST-AI at the Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center (services listed from 2026) and Gaia at Cyfronet in Krakow, which is planned to include over 1,000 GPU accelerators. The government has approved a draft AI law that would create a supervisory commission, KRiBSI, with sandbox powers. The grid operator PSE's draft 2027 to 2036 plan forecasts data centre demand rising from about 1.7 to 1.8 TWh a year to 17 to 18 TWh by the mid-2030s. For someone seeking compute, public AI capacity is arriving in Poznan and Krakow, and private growth depends on grid connection pace.
AI policy and activity
EuroHPC lists PIAST-AI (Poznan) for IT and cybersecurity, health and life sciences, public sector, space and robotics and sustainability. The Gaia consortium is coordinated by ACC Cyfronet AGH and is to be integrated with PIAST-AI and the LUMI AI Factory, per trade press.
Power and grid
Installed data centre capacity is estimated at about 200 MW, using 1.7 to 1.8 TWh a year, roughly 1% of national consumption. PSE's draft plan forecasts 17 to 18 TWh by the mid-2030s. The industry association says Poland holds about 2% of Europe's computing capacity.
Data centres and compute
| Site | Where | Status | Notes and source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gaia AI Factory supercomputer ACC Cyfronet AGH | Krakow | Planned | Trade press reports a project of about 70 million euros with over 1,000 GPU accelerators, several times the performance of Poland's current fastest system, Helios. Another report says it has been launched in Krakow, which we did not read. (source) |
| PIAST-AI Factory GPU expansion Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center (PCSS) | Poznan | Planned | EuroHPC says existing campus facilities will be extended with high-end GPUs for generative AI and AI-quantum simulation, with services available from 2026. (source) |
Rules and programmes
| Instrument | Kind | Status | What it does |
|---|---|---|---|
| Draft Act on Artificial Intelligence Systems | Law | Proposed | US Commerce Department market note reporting government approval of the draft, which aligns Polish law with the AI Act and creates KRiBSI, the Commission for the Development and Safety of AI. We did not check its passage through parliament. |
| PSE draft Transmission Network Development Plan 2027 to 2036 | Grid | Proposed | Business press report (February 2026) on the first PSE plan to model data centre demand explicitly. It treats about 3 GW of data centre connection capacity by 2036 as a scenario, not a guarantee. |
| EuroHPC AI Factory: PIAST-AI | Programme | In force | EuroHPC page for the Poznan AI Factory, listing GPU cluster access, a cloud partition and training services. |
Checked on 2 October 2026 and due for review by 1 January 2027. Many sources are trade press or law-firm summaries rather than official texts, and statuses such as reported or unconfirmed are shown as the source gives them. This is a summary, not legal advice. If something is wrong or out of date, tell us.